此文會透過GitHub@TankMan 坦克大作戰描述，如何透過讀取用Tiled這個軟體製作的地圖，來建立遊戲物件的程式碼

關於如何製作地圖，請閱讀 TankMan/Mapping.md 地圖製作教學

以地圖no.1為範例說明 @TankMan/asset/maps/map_01.tmx

• Tiled繪製時的畫面

  

• 遊戲讀取地圖後的畫面（草地是另外在遊戲的程式碼中，隨機產生的）

  

• 這是tmx檔案中的樣子

  3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,
  3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,
  3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,
  3,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,3,3,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,3,
  3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,
  3,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,
  3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,3,
  3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,
  3,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,0,3,3,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,3,
  3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,
  3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,
  3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3
  

  可以發現：

  1. 為1P玩家
  2. 為2P玩家
  3. 為牆壁
  4. 彈藥補給站
  5. 油料補給站

  • 跟圖塊集的順序一樣

    

透過地圖建立物件的流程

初始化 __init__()

• BattleMode透過將地圖路徑傳入TiledMap，建立TiledMap的實例

  class BattleMode:
  	def __init__(self, is_manual: bool, map_path: str, frame_limit: int, sound_path: str, play_rect_area: pygame.Rect):
          self.map = TiledMap(map_path)
  

• TiledMap透過pytmx這個套件裡的TiledMap類別，傳入地圖路徑，建立地圖物件

  class TiledMap:
      def __init__(self, filepath: str):
          self.tm = pytmx.TiledMap(filepath)
  

• 即可透過地圖物件，獲取地圖資訊

  class TiledMap:
      def __init__(self, filepath: str):
          self.tile_width = tm.tilewidth
          self.tile_height = tm.tileheight
          self.width = tm.width
          self.height = tm.height
          self.map_width = self.tile_width * self.width
          self.map_height = self.tile_height * self.height
  

  • tm.tilewidth 獲取地圖上每格（tile）的寬（px），例：50 px
  • tm.width 獲取地圖有幾格（tile）寬，例：20格
  • self.map_width 為地圖的寬（px）= 每格的寬 * 共有幾格寬，例： 1000 px = 50 px * 20格
  • BattleMode呼叫TiledMap的add_init_obj_data(image_id, class_name, obj_other_params)函式，傳入初始化物件的資料

添加初始化物件資料 add_init_obj_data()

• 遊戲呼叫地圖的添加初始化物件資料的函式

  class BattleMode:
  	def __init__(self, is_manual: bool, map_path: str, frame_limit: int, sound_path: str, play_rect_area: pygame.Rect):
          # init obj data
          self.map.add_init_obj_data(PLAYER_1_IMG_NO, Player, act_cd=act_cd, play_rect_area=self.play_rect_area)
          self.map.add_init_obj_data(PLAYER_2_IMG_NO, Player, act_cd=act_cd, play_rect_area=self.play_rect_area)
          self.map.add_init_obj_data(WALL_IMG_NO, Wall, margin=8, spacing=8)
          self.map.add_init_obj_data(BULLET_STATION_IMG_NO, Station, margin=2, spacing=2, capacity=5, quadrant=1)
          self.map.add_init_obj_data(OIL_STATION_IMG_NO, Station, margin=2, spacing=2, capacity=30, quadrant=1)
  

• 將收到的物件初始化資料，以image_id為key，value為class_name和obj_other_params，更新到all_obj_data_dict儲存，並在all_obj初始化key為image_id的value為一空陣列

  class TiledMap:
      def add_init_obj_data(self, img_id: int, cls, **kwargs):
          obj_data = {img_id: {"cls": cls,
                               "kwargs": kwargs
                               }
                      }
          self.all_obj_data_dict.update(obj_data)
          self.all_obj[img_id] = []
  

建立所有有初始化資料的物件create_init_obj_dict()

• BattleMode呼叫地圖的create_init_obj_dict()函式，獲取TiledMap的有初始化資料的遊戲物件字典

  class BattleMode:
  	def __init__(self, is_manual: bool, map_path: str, frame_limit: int, sound_path: str, play_rect_area: pygame.Rect):
          # create obj
          all_obj = self.map.create_init_obj_dict()
  

• TiledMap開始讀取地圖上的每一格，若有物件，則從all_obj_data_dict獲取初始化物件資料，打包地圖該格的資料，初始化物件後，儲存進all_obj[img_id]內，最後回傳以image_id為key，value為object_list的all_obj所有物件字典

  class TiledMap:
      def create_init_obj_dict(self) -> dict:
          obj_no = 0
          for layer in self.tmx_data.visible_layers:
              for x, y, gid, in layer:
                  if isinstance(layer, pytmx.TiledTileLayer):
                      pos = (x * self.tile_width, y * self.tile_height)
                      if gid:# 0代表空格，無圖塊
                          img_id = layer.parent.tiledgidmap[gid]
                          kwargs = self.all_obj_data_dict[img_id]["kwargs"]
                          obj_no += 1
                          img_info = {"_id": img_id, "_no": obj_no
                              , "_init_pos": pos
                              , "_init_size": (self.tile_width, self.tile_height)
                                      }
                          self.all_obj[img_id].append(self.all_obj_data_dict[img_id]["cls"](img_info, **kwargs))
          return self.all_obj
  

獲取地圖建立的遊戲物件

• 最後BattleMode透過all_obj，以image_id為key索引，即可獲取其value的已初始化完成的物件清單

  class BattleMode:
  	def __init__(self, is_manual: bool, map_path: str, frame_limit: int, sound_path: str, play_rect_area: pygame.Rect):
  	    # init player
          self.player_1P = all_obj[PLAYER_1_IMG_NO][0]
          self.player_2P = all_obj[PLAYER_2_IMG_NO][0]
          # init walls
          self.walls.add(all_obj[WALL_IMG_NO])
          # init bullet stations
          self.bullet_stations.add(all_obj[BULLET_STATION_IMG_NO])
          # init oil stations
          self.oil_stations.add(all_obj[OIL_STATION_IMG_NO])
  

• 如何透過地圖物件，獲取遊戲物件的程式碼，完整程式碼請看@TankMan/src/BattleMode.py ，__init__函式的部分

• 如何讀取地圖，一次產生所有遊戲物件的程式碼，完整程式碼請看@TankMan/src/game_module/TiledMap.py